A Study On Lung Cancer - 1329 Words

26/9/14 Bonnie de Groot 4963644 Case Study: George Introduction: George is an 89 year old man which recently has been diagnosed with Metastatic Lung Cancer. Lung cancer itself accounts for killing an estimated 1.5 million people annually worldwide (Keshamouni, et.al, 2009). Lung cancer is divided into two major types: Non-small-cell cancer which includes these types of cancers; adenocarcinoma, squamous cell and large-cell, these all account to 80% of cases. The second major type is the Small-cell lung cancer which includes these cancers; oat cell, intermediate and combined, all of which only account to 20% of cases. The major causes of Lung cancer are these risk factors: tobacco smoke, air pollution, arsenic, asbestos, nickel and radon. Only 13% of patients survive 5 years after diagnosis (Williams, L, et.al, 2009). But Metastatic Lung Cancer is slightly different, the difference is the cancer originated in another area of the body, and then spread to the Lungs, causing Lung Cancer. This process begins with the cells breaking away fr om the main tumour or cancer and then travelling into the bloodstream. Once in the bloodstream the cancer cells will attach themselves to a vessel which will then attach to a organ and majority of the time it is the lungs (Chang, E, et.al, 2010). Though there is no cure for Metastatic Lung cancer there are preventions such as avoiding things known to cause cancer such as smoking tobacco. PCOC Assessment for Week 1: Phase: StableShow MoreRelatedA Study On Lung Cancer1721 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction: Lung cancers are well known to display inter and intra-tumoral heterogeneity with profound implications for exact histological classification by pathologists1–3. The New International (IASLC/ATS/ERS )4,5 and the 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) classification6 has defined the non-invasive (adenocarcinoma in situ), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma and invasive lepidic adenocarcinoma ; has replaced the mixed subtype category in the WHO 2004 classification7 with the predominantRead MoreDisease Study: Lung Cancer1390 Words   |  6 PagesMorbidity: Lung Cancer Lung cancer is one of the most significant and preventable causes of death in the United States and other developed countries today. Some states within the US have higher instances of lung cancer than others, and there are various factors that affect that. For the state of Tennessee, which will be the focus of this paper, the most current year for which lung cancer statistics are available is 2007. According to the CDC, there were 78.4 to 97.7 people per 100,000 who got lung cancerRead MoreCase Study : Lung Cancer2501 Words   |  11 PagesPatho Case Study #1 Chapter 16 – Lung Cancer Follow rubric and provide the information Answer questions 1,4,5,6,10,11,12,14 Utilize your resources such as your text and the Welch library online for UpToDate. Look at the example case for format Case Study Evaluation Criteria I. Overview of Case and Pathophysiology (45 points) Pathogenesis: The case study identifies a given disease. How does this disease process evolve? Describe the sequence of cellular and tissue events that takeRead MoreLung Cancer Evolve Case Study Essay4737 Words   |  19 Pagesï » ¿Lung Cancer Jean Flick, RN, MS; Marty Carlson, RN, MS; and Diane Maxwell, RN, MS Top of Form Diagnostic Tests The healthcare provider completes the examination and prescribes a chest x-ray, which is scheduled for the next morning. 1. Which instructions should the nurse provide to prepare Mr. Prieto for the x-ray? A) You should not eat or drink anything after midnight. Feedback: INCORRECT It is not necessary to be NPO prior to an x-ray. B) You will need to remove jewelryRead MoreResearch Problem Lung cancer is the growth of abnormal cells in the lungs. This abnormal growth can900 Words   |  4 PagesProblem Lung cancer is the growth of abnormal cells in the lungs. This abnormal growth can occur in either one of both of the lungs. The abnormal cells cause the development of unhealthy lung tissue, which causes the lungs to not function properly. The main function of the lungs is to provide oxygen to the body via the blood. Some of the symptoms of lung cancer are a persistent cough, shortness of breath, recurrent pneumonia, change in sputum, and coughing up blood (What is Lung,). Lung cancer isRead MoreThe Ten Attributes Of The University Of Queensland1174 Words   |  5 Pagesseventeen attributes of the University of Queensland that was demonstrated during the management of the particular case study. Although all seventeen attributes should correlate and in fact are interrelated, this assignment will analyse and focus on one attribute: â€Å"The ability to interact effectively with others in order to work towards a common outcome†. To present this case study various technologies were used such as: records of the medical practice that included medical history, pathophysiologyRead MoreHigh Mortality Rates Among Men Essay1504 Words   |  7 PagesThe shared concern among medical professionals about the potential for higher mortality rates among men over fifty due to smoking has prompted medical professionals to encourage more lung cancer screening. Screening is recommended for all men and women under the age of 80 who are present smokers or were smokers in the past. De Koning et al. (2014) identify three sub-categories for current and past smokers between 55 and 80 years old. One category covered those with 25 years since stopping, or 20Read MorePatients With Pancreatic And The Prognosis Of Lung Cancer Patients1368 Words   |  6 Pagesbreast (3) cancers, comorbidity caused by diabetes mellitus (DM) contributes to diminished long-term survival. Yet, the influence of DM on the prognosis of lung cancer patients remains ambiguous. In lung cancer patients, two studies have shown that patients with DM survived longer than those without (4, 5). In one of these studies (4), the conclusion was based on a small number of patients with unclear diagnostic criteria for DM and inappropriate statistical analyses. In the other study (5), althoughRead More Smoking and Lung Cancer Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesSmoking and Lung Cancer Lung Cancer accounts for fifteen percent of all cancer cases, and an estimated 170,000 people in the United States get lung cancer a year. (5)About 155,000 of those people die from the cancer. Recently, the rate of women affected by lung cancer has increased, while the rate of men affected has decreased. However, lung cancer is the leading cancer that kills both women and men. (1) So, what is lung cancer? Lung cancer is the uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells inRead MoreLab Report1214 Words   |  5 PagesResults MiR-365b-3p regulates proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of human lung cancer cells In order to investigate the expression of miR-365b-3p in normal cells and lung cancer cells, we used real-time PCR to measure the expression of miR-365b-3p in various cells. Results showed that the expression of miR-365b-3p was significantly lower in lung cancer cells compared with that in normal cells (Figure 1). After transfection, the expression of miR-365b-3p in COLO 668 cell line was successfully

Biomedical Model And Social Model Of Health - 1669 Words

Introduction In this essay I am going to discuss the biomedical model and social model of health, and see how the two relate to Lay perspective on health and illness. AccordingHealth can be viewed as the state of being fit and well, as well as a state of mental sanity (WHO 2005). According to Blaxter (2004), if a person can perform daily functions such as going to work, taking care of the household, etc he/she is considered healthy. Many studies have found that lay people define health as the absence of illness, However being healthy means different things to different people as much have been said and written about people’s varying concepts of health. Some lay perceptions are based on pragmatism where health is regarded as a relative phenomenon, experienced and evaluated according to what an individual finds reasonable to expect, given their age, medical condition and social status (Blaxter 2004) and for them being healthy, may just mean not having a health problem, which interferes with their everyday lives (Bury 2005). According to Baggott (2004) the biomedical model of health looks at individual physical functioning and describes bad health as the presence of disease and illness symptoms as a result of physical cause such as injury or infections and attempts to ignore social and psychological factors. Baggott (2004) states that the features of biomedical model rest mainly on biomedical changes, which can be defined, measured and isolated. In effect this is directedShow MoreRelatedSocial Models Of Health : The Biomedical Model And The Social Model Essay1621 Words   |  7 Pagesapplication of two distinct models of health: the biomedical model and the social models. Each model focuses on different causes of disease: the biomedical model predominantly on biological, or proximal causes, and the social models on both the distal and proximal causes, including all social, psychological, biological and behavioural factors. The social models have noticeably increased in significance due to the shift of t he leading causes of disease from mainly biological to social. This essay will discussRead MoreBiomedical And Social Model Of Health1712 Words   |  7 Pagesfocus on the biomedical and social model of health. It will be critically discussing both models using supporting theories and highlighting the limitations of each. This essay will also discuss and analyse how both models relate to lay perspectives on health and illness. What is health and illness? In order to analyse and critically discuss the two models that are biomedical and social we first have to understand the concept and terms of health and illness. (WHO, 1948) describes health as ‘a stateRead MoreUsing Trevor’s and Dahlia’s Accounts from Activity 2.3 in Learning Guide 2, Describe How the Biomedical, and Social Models of Health, Might Inform Different Approaches to Improving or Maintaining Trevor’s Quality of Life .1432 Words   |  6 Pagesfirstly going to describe, in detail, the Biomedical and Social Models of Health. The 2 approaches are very different, and from a caring perspective, are both as important as one another when putting a care plan in place for service users such as Trevor . Models of illness are used to analyse how illness arises and to predict what treatment might be effective.; Most models are implicit and not formally described.In the context of health and illness, a model will specify what factors are of importanceRead MoreEssay on Assess the Biomedical and Socio-Medical Models of Health1162 Words   |  5 Pagesthe strengths and weaknesses of the biomedical and socio-medical models of health. Biomedical model of health Biomedical model of health is an approach which eliminates psychological and social factors (environment) but only comprises biological issues in trying to recognize or understand an individual`s medical illness/disorder. The biomedical model of health looks upon treatment in expression of changing the body by medical intervention forms. Also this model seeks to look at what is wrong andRead MoreAnalysis Of Health Of Health And Wellness Essay1128 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Health Views Health is defined by Straub as, â€Å" a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. It involves physical as well as psychological and social well- being† (2012). The well being of an individual also includes social conditions, biological factors, and personality traits (Straub, 2012). Both health and wellness is highly looked over by individuals, this is until they understand how an illness destroys their body. However, to understand the views individualsRead MoreModels of Health1284 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 1 models of health There are two different models of health of which will be looking at the bio medical model and social model of health, there are numerous models and explanations that highlight biological as well as social and psychological processes (Naidoo and Wills, 2008; Aggleton, 1990). The biomedical model is what dominates today’s medical profession, â€Å"People are healthy so long as they show no signs of bodily abnormality† (Aggleton, 1990). This is a typical biomedical statementRead MoreEffectiveness Of Models Of Health1647 Words   |  7 PagesEffectiveness of Models of Health in relation to Smoking-related Conditions Models of health include biomedical model and social models.  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Firstly, this essay explains why as patterns of illness change over the last 150 years, social models are more relevant than biomedical model in helping us understand causes of ill health. Secondly, it discusses how social models like Biopsychosocial and Dhalgren and Whitehead’s model are effective, to a certain extent, in explaining current trends in significantRead MoreThe Biomedical Model of Health and Illness Essay examples1047 Words   |  5 PagesThe Biomedical Model of Health and Illness The most dominant theory in Modern Western medicine of health and illness, held by many official health practitioners such as doctors, consultants, and surgeons has been labelled the biomedical approach or by some as the biomechanical model. The biomedical model presumes that illness is always due to abnormalities in the bodys workings. It is the basis of modern Western medical practice. It works on the theory that ifRead MoreBiopsychosocial vs. Biomedical Model Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesBiopsychosocial verses Biomedical Model Nancy Boswell Psy. 352 April 1, 2012 Professor Peterkin Biopsychosocial verses Biomedical Model The biomedical model and the biopsychosocial model are both representations of health commonly accepted in modern society. The biomedical model considers the absence of disease is physical wellness. This model is good practice but it has limitations. On the other hand, the biopsychosocial model takes into account the whole person which has led to extensiveRead MoreBio and Socio Medical691 Words   |  3 PagesBiomedical and Socio medical model of health Biomedical and Socio medical model of health The main purpose of the biomedical model of health is to cure diseases in which health professionals will use scientifically tested methods to address a diagnosed illness. The biomedical model of health focuses on purely biological factors, and excludes psychological, environmental, and social influences. This model relates to the functionalist approach of health as it specifies that health is the absences

Latino Literature Essay - 1036 Words

U.S. Latino literature is as important and historical as any other. We often refer and quote recent or current Hispanic authors but we forget that there is a whole timeline behind every word and idea. History itself was first of all recorded in peoples minds and hearts and through oral tradition was it passed on, later marked through drawings and symbols and finally, and after thousands of years, reached formal written ground. This carriage of messages and form of expression evolved through time and the way it is delivered along with the language in it has too. We can see evidence of that in Latino literature, from the early accounts of explorers to the modern day authors who fight for the rights of humankind, it has an entire†¦show more content†¦As mentioned earlier, the first literature relating to Latin America where from an outside view and opinion. Now with the Chicano literature of the 1970s and ’80s we get a more direct perspective from Latinos themselves . Of course many centuries have passed since the early writings but now works are more sophisticated and adapted to fit the needs of expression and ideas. One of the great more modern writers is Tomà ¡s Rivera, known famously for writing †¦And the Earth Did Not Devour Him which is also seen in film. In his work we can see various chapters or stories that even though they are short in length they carry a heavy message towards the reader. In this message he presents the hard life of many Chicanos and downs of everyday living for migrant Hispanic workers. In his book there is not a short citation that would fully explain the deplorable situation and circumstances that occur in the lives of the people. There are some short narrations like the one in page one hundred and nineteen that cause a emotion of sympathy and acceptance and displays the ever present desire, noticeable in many Hispanic literary works of this time, to become part of something grand. We can see that this desire is very evident, followed by the passion of living and working hard to achieve hopes and dreams. These examples of literature are a huge step in Latino improvement, evolution and fight for freedom. Tomà ¡s Rivera also made huge contributions with his lifeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Insight on the Life and Works of Julia Alvarez1239 Words   |  5 Pages A novelist and a poet, Julia Alvarez is considered to be one of the greats when talking about American literature. At her current age of 64, she has a numerous amount of writings and has won many awards. Personal life experiences from her youth to the Civil War to now have highly influenced her works (Heredia). Descriptive and influential, it is clear wh y Alvarez’s publications have influenced society the way they have today. Aged 64, Julia Alvarez is considered to be one of the greatest AmericanRead More Sadest Poem Essay470 Words   |  2 Pagesis as I understood one of the most famous Latinos poet. This poem was translated to English, even though it didn’t lose its original structure. No one can argue about the main idea of this poem that it’s a sad poem and we can clearly see that from the title. Neruda uses many of the poetry techniques to complete a perfect picture ending with this poem. Sitting, metaphor, sounds, and imagery all were the elements that leaded to this nice piece of literature. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When I readRead MoreTexts Fof Written Discourse7893 Words   |  32 PagesContents 1. Doreen Pope 2. Education: Doing bad and feeling good 3. Dance cards 4. Language and literature 5. Inflation DOREEN POPE by Mary Loudon (The Independent Magazine, 20 August 1994) 1. Practically no one reading this will have heard of Miss Pope. Her greatness is not obvious and it has never been documented, but she is my hero nevertheless. This year she retires after a lifetime’s teaching, the last 25 years of which has been spent as a junior-school headmistressRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1653 Words   |  7 Pagesimmigration, have changed immensely. Given the increase in both HIV and immigration, specifically in North Carolina (NC), this dissertation will focus mostly on changes, concerns, and strengths pertaining to the screening and treatment for HIV among Latino immigrants in NC. The following paragraphs and chapters highlight the reasons for focusing specifically on this diagnosis and this population. The United States (U.S.) was built from the endeavors and labors of individuals representing a wideRead MoreArticle Critique Of Joshua Palkki1232 Words   |  5 PagesArticle Critique of Joshua Palkki (2015) American music teachers need to understand and meet the needs of their Latino/a students, and Palkki (2015) researches approaches that would aid music educators, specifically high school choir directors, in reaching and serving this population in his article â€Å"If it fits into their Culture, then they will have a Connection: experiences of two Latina students in a select high school choir.† Palkki (2015) presents a qualitative case study regarding two LatinaRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The New Country1280 Words   |  6 Pages III. Literature Review Amongst current events, immigration is one of the hotly debated topics of today. It’s will be a determining factor in the current U.S. presidential race. Hispanic/Latino immigrants are one of the fastest growing demographics in our populations and consideration of political value due to their impact on and to the economy. Their ethnicity makes them the subject of random criticism and plays a role in how well they assimilate into the US. How they are perceived and treatedRead MoreMulticulturalism Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesa statement that could not be further from the truth, since it is something constantly expressed through centuries of multicultural works. Multiculturalism is all about featuring characters and themes from countries around the world. In terms of literature, writers of all kinds of different ethnic backgrounds such as David Henry Hwang, Luis Valdez, and Harriet Jacobs express their ideas and values through these methods in their works to get readers t o examine them in detail and get a feel of the experienceRead MoreImmigrants From Latin America s Annexation Of Mexico Essay1544 Words   |  7 Pages Historically, Latinos have struggled against ethnic labeling, immigration as well challenges surrounding education. This can traced back to mid-19th century when according to Harvest of Empire America’s annexation of Mexico which gave the United States Texas, California, and the southwest. â€Å"Mexico’s territory was cut by half and its mineral resources by three-quarters. These appalling numbers help explain so much. In fact, you can arguably lay Mexico’s poverty and loss through emigration rightRead MoreType 2 Diabetes Self Management Education759 Words   |  4 Pagesdiabetes self-management classes (Care New England [CNE], 2013). In 2013, the total population at BVCHC was 13332, with 7615 of the total population being of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity. The total number of patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, as indicated by Hemoglobin A1C of greater than 7%, was 405. Out of 405, 248 were of Hispanic/ Latino ethnicity. The Blackstone Valley Community Health Centers’ mission stresses the need to empower and educate its members, with a vision of providing culturallyRead MoreDifferences Between Minority And Minority Minorities857 Words   |  4 Pagesminorities and majorities. The â€Å"superior† group has advantages while the â€Å"inferior† group experiences disadvantages. The trouble with literature on majority-minority is the variation in definitions. In reference to this paper, the term minority will be a measure of numerical underrepresented ethnic population (Jones Dovidio, 2014). Now looking at previous literature covering this topic many illuminate on persuasion, minority influence, group development, Social Identity Theory, and conformity (Prislin

Violent And Aggressive Behaviors Are Commonâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Strategies Do Nurses In An Adult Mental Health Inpatient Unit Use To Deescalate Aggression Displayed By Patients? Answer: Introducation Violent and aggressive behaviors are common among the mental health patients and nurses and medical staffs employ various approaches to manage the aggressive and violent patients. The technique like de-escalation approach is a therapeutic intervention that is frequently used to prevent aggression and violence in mental health services. A thematic literature review conducted by Price Baker, (2012) depicted that skilled staffs are required to perform these techniques. They need to be de-escalators who maintain personal control and have effective non-verbal and verbal skills. They employ the technique of engaging with the patient to ensure safe de-escalation approach that confirm autonomy and is considered it a complex intervention process. It consists of psychological techniques that are aimed at reducing the violent or aggressive behaviour. The nurses use non-verbal and verbal communication skills to control aggressive behaviour in patients. These de-escalators are honest, open, self -aware, confident and non-judgmental without being arrogant to the mental health patients. The strength of the study is that it elucidates the current and best practices in de-escalation techniques. However, the limitation of this research is that there is no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed in this thematic literature review. In another study conducted by Dickens, Piccirillo Alderman, (2013) demonstrated that prevention and management of aggressive behaviour could be done through training of nursing and medical staffs. For this research, confirmatory factor analysis was done to study the underlying factors to manage violent behaviour. The attitude of the nurses plays an important role in managing aggressive behaviour in mental health settings. The data was collected in medium and low secure adult mental health wards at St Andrews Healthcare in May and June 2011 through MAVAS Scale. The nurses perceptions depicted that restrictive environments contribute to the aggressive behavior. To manage violence and aggression, they use medication that is considered a valuable approach for treating violent behavior. They also use seclusion and physical restraint under necessary conditions. The alternatives to this are use of sedation and containment to manage physical violence. However, the sample size for the study is too small and requires further trials for exploring the attitudes and perceptions of nurses. A study conducted by Richmond et al., (2012) has demonstrated the verbal de-escalation technique that uses engagement of patient to help them become active partner in the evaluation and treatment process to de-escalate agitation. Environmental planning and voluntary medication are also important for dealing with aggression in mental health patients. They have lessened the coercive interventions where staff members manage behavior by calming down the patient. According to Spencer Johnson, (2016) de-escalation technique arrests the progress of the agitation in mental health patients. The technique involves the use of effective attitude and language to deal with aggression along with confrontation avoidance and posture. This study evaluated the effectiveness of de-escalation techniques to establish a positive relationship and control aggression. RCs and quasi-RCTs were used for the study that showed that de-escalation techniques could help to ameliorate aggressive behaviour immediately without any long-term benefits. Berring, Pedersen Buus, (2016) studied the de-escalation process used during violent and aggression episodes in mental health settings. The post hoc analysis used in this study comprised of responsive interactions between patients and staff members to analyse their perceptions and attitudes in managing aggression. The results indicated that staffs and patients always thrive for peaceful solutions with sociological understanding to de-escalate the violent and aggressive behaviour. Shah et al., (2016) studied the effectiveness of de-escalation technique in preventing aggressive behaviors through a systematic review and inclusion criteria. The findings showed that there are knowledge gaps in nursing and by addressing that, the effectiveness of de-escalation techniques can be effectively employed. According to guidelines provided by Department of Health, Australia, de-escalation techniques are employed that require a safe environment, proper training of the nurses and medical staffs, assessment of the risk and observation and engagement. In a study conducted by Steinert, Noorthoorn Mulder, (2014)it showed that coercive interventions are being employed in mental health settings in Netherland and Germany in dealing with aggressive behaviour. Coercive treatment is common in Germany or involuntary patients who are subjected to aggression with use of mechanical restraint to seclusion. Coercive medication is also used as it approved in special conditions since 2013 in Germany. Gerdtz et al., (2013) depicted that training program are required for the nurses to prevent aggression in emergency departments. For this, nurses attitudes are important that was studied through multisite evaluation. The semi-structured interviews showed that training helped the nurses to change their attitude towards prevention of aggression in mental health patients and its sustainability. Pulsford et al., (2013) depicted that although nurses perceptions towards controlling regression is positive, however, these aggression management techniques ar e highly complex for meeting the best practices in adult mental health settings. There are also ethical dilemma associated with the nurses and staffs when to use these interventions. According to Hallett Dickens, (2015) de-escalation technique is an important tool for the prevention and management of aggressive behaviour; however, there is no proper conceptualization and practice guideline. Through questionnaire survey of 72 participants and data analysis through qualitative thematic analysis, de-escalation technique provides optimal clinical practice to control aggression. However, it also requires proper understanding and use of appropriate de-escalation techniques based on clinical practice guidelines. The above findings suggested that de-escalation technique is an important tool to control aggression and violent behavior in patients in adult mental health settings. However, this technique is based on theoretical concepts and a complex interactive process (Roberton et al., 2012). It is actually based on learning session and collaborative approach to illustrate and enhance its effective use in the clinical settings. Although, de-escalation technique is the best practice, however, little empirical evidence is present for evaluating its effectiveness. Moreover, the nurses and staffs face dilemmas while using this technique, as they cannot decide how and when to intervene (Berring et al., 2016). In few mental health settings, seclusion and physical restraint is also used under practical guidelines and legal system. Therefore, this research might raise awareness among the nurses and mental health organizations regarding use of safe practice of de-escalation that contribute in forming a negotiating culture and sense of community replacing coercive measures with de-escalation techniques through effective training and collaborative practices. References Berring, L. L., Hummelvoll, J. K., Pedersen, L., Buus, N. (2016). A co-operative inquiry into generating, describing, and transforming knowledge about de-escalation practices in mental health settings.Issues in mental health nursing,37(7), 451-463. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/01612840.2016.1154628 Berring, L. L., Pedersen, L., Buus, N. (2016). Coping with violence in mental health care settings: patient and staff member perspectives on de-escalation practices.Archives of psychiatric nursing,30(5), 499-507. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S088394171630053X Dickens, G., Piccirillo, M., Alderman, N. (2013). Causes and management of aggression and violence in a forensic mental health service: perspectives of nurses and patients.International journal of mental health nursing,22(6), 532-544. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1447-0349.2012.00888.x/full Gerdtz, M. F., Daniel, C., Dearie, V., Prematunga, R., Bamert, M., Duxbury, J. (2013). The outcome of a rapid training program on nurses attitudes regarding the prevention of aggression in emergency departments: a multi-site evaluation.International journal of nursing studies,50(11), 1434-1445. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020748913000321 Hallett, N., Dickens, G. L. (2015). De?escalation: A survey of clinical staff in a secure mental health inpatient service.International journal of mental health nursing,24(4), 324-333. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/inm.12136/full Price, O., Baker, J. (2012). Key components of de?escalation techniques: A thematic synthesis.International journal of mental health nursing,21(4), 310-319. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1447-0349.2011.00793.x/full Pulsford, D., Crumpton, A., Baker, A., Wilkins, T., Wright, K., Duxbury, J. (2013). Aggression in a high secure hospital: staff and patient attitudes.Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing,20(4), 296-304. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2850.2012.01908.x/full Richmond, J. S., Berlin, J. S., Fishkind, A. B., Holloman Jr, G. H., Zeller, S. L., Wilson, M. P., ... Ng, A. T. (2012). Verbal de-escalation of the agitated patient: consensus statement of the American Association for Emergency Psychiatry Project BETA De-escalation Workgroup.Western Journal of Emergency Medicine,13(1), 17. Referencesww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3298202/ Roberton, T., Daffern, M., Thomas, S., Martin, T. (2012). De?escalation and limit?setting in forensic mental health units.Journal of forensic nursing,8(2), 94-101. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1939-3938.2011.01125.x/full Shah, L., Annamalai, J., Aye, S. N., Xie, H., so Pavadai, S., Ng, W., ... Manickam, M. (2016). Key components and strategies utilized by nurses for de-escalation of aggression in psychiatric in-patients: a systematic review protocol.JBI database of systematic reviews and implementation reports,14(12), 109-118. https://journals.lww.com/jbisrir/Abstract/2016/12000/Key_components_and_strategies_utilized_by_nurses.18.aspx Spencer, S., Johnson, P. (2016). De?escalation techniques for managing aggression.The Cochrane Library. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD012034/pdf Steinert, T., Noorthoorn, E. O., Mulder, C. L. (2014). The use of coercive interventions in mental health care in Germany and the Netherlands. A comparison of the developments in two neighboring countries.Frontiers in public health,2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4173217/